Chọn quản lý xây dựng hay xây nhà trọn gói ?

Arhome tự hào là đơn vị tiên phong trong lĩnh vực quản lý xây dựng.
Đưa ra thị trường dịch vụ quản lý xây dựng từ đầu năm 2017 và ngay sau đó nó đã trở thành 1 cơn sốt trong nghành xây dựng. Đơn giản bởi nó đáp ứng tất cả những gì mà khách hàng đang cần.

Khác với các dịch vụ khác, Arhome sẽ đồng hành cùng bạn để làm việc với các đối tác 

Được ví như 1 bản nâng cấp của các dịch vụ xây nhà trước đây như: xây nhà trọn gói, chìa khóa trao tay và nhiều dịch vụ xây nhà khác, quản lý xây dựng giải quyết được tất cả những khó khăn, khúc mắc của khách hàng.

 Khách hàng thường chỉ biết đến các dịch vụ như xây nhà trọn gói , chìa khóa trao tay hay thuê giám sát xây dựng. Nhưng tất cả những dịch vụ khác đều không cho chủ nhà được sự yên tâm trọn vẹn, vì mối lo ngại đơn vị có uy tín không hay có đủ tất cả chuyên môn để làm tất mọi việc cho mình từ pháp lý đến chuyên môn hay những sửa đổi trong quá trình thi công, đặc biệt nhất là để có lãi họ sẽ chọn những vật liệu giá rẻ để thi công.

Dịch vụ Quản Lý Xây Dựng ra đời đã loại bỏ được hạn chế về việc chủ nhà lo sợ lựa chọn vật liệu rẻ tiền , nhà thầu giá rẻ để xây dựng như các dịch vụ xây nhà trọn gói hay chìa khóa trao tay. Loại bỏ được hạn chế về kế hoạch, chuyên môn và can thiệp sâu về kỹ thuật của dịch vụ thuê giám sát xây dựng.

Đặc biệt Dịch vụ Quản lý Xây Dựng có những ưu điểm mà không có bất kỳ dịch vụ nào có được đó là để thực hiện được công việc này cần có một ban quản lý gồm nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau là chuyên gia ở trong thiết kế , kết cấu , pháp lý , thị trường , khảo sát , môi trường , kinh doanh. Dịch vụ duy nhất đứng về phía chủ nhà , độc lập về tài chính và pháp lý, thay chủ nhà giải quyết tất cả từ Kế hoạch thực hiện, pháp lý, giá cả , điều chỉnh và nghiệm thu.

Từ những khác biệt đó Arhome tạo dựng cho khách hàng lòng tin vào dịch vụ quản lý xây dựng. Hướng tới 1 nền công nghiệp xây dựng hoàn hảo tại Việt Nam

Công ty Cổ phần Kiến Trúc và Quản Lý Xây Dựng Arhome
34 – BT2A, Làng Việt kiều Châu Âu
Mộ Lao, Hà Đông, Hà Nội
Điện thoại: 04.66.866.166

4.2 The marketing mix

4.2.1 Price

Pricing strategy

It is one of the vital elements of marketing mix. Pricing is difficult and it reflects the relationship of demand and supply. Pricing a product too low or too high may incur loss for the business, hence, pricing strategy helps the firm to choose the right price for a product.

Types of pricing strategy

Cost-orientated pricing

·        Cost-based pricing / Cost plus pricing

The price of the product is set by adding a mark-up (profit percentage) to the production cost. The objective of this strategy is to cover the cost of production but it ignores the market dynamics. E.g. a product cost $100 to produce and the firm decides to earn 20% profit, thus the price becomes $120.

Market-orientated pricing

·        Skimming/ Creaming pricing

If the product is unique in the market then businesses set high price. The objective is to earn tremendous profit initially, i.e. charging premium price at the launch and lower at the end of the product’s life cycle. E.g. pharmaceutical companies sell new drugs at high price, also technological items like new games, etc charge higher price initially and reduce price after a tenure of 5 years, etc.

·        Penetration pricing

When a company is new in the market it sets low price. The objective is to persuade customers to increase sales by capturing the market share. E.g. TV satellite companies set low price to get subscribers then increase the price as theirs customers base increase.

·        Psychological pricing

The seller considers the psychology or the perception of target market. E.g. especially in telemarketing, the sellers charge $199 instead of $100 to create a perceived value for the customers that he/she is paying lesser.

·        Loss leaders

Products are sometimes sold at the price which is in fact lower than their production cost. The objective is to persuade customers. E.g. superstores loss making product line, etc adapt loss leader strategy.

·        Discounts & sales

To encourage bulk buying businesses offer trade discounts. Cash discounts are also offered to the debtors for prompt payment. Sales with free coupons and price cut-off are given to dispatch the old stock of goods or to sell things which are not in demand any longer. E.g. during winter ice-creams are seen to be offered at lower price.

·        Competition pricing

This strategy is following/ imitating the competitors’ pricing strategy, i.e. charging same price like of the rivals. The objective is to avoid the price wars as it is mostly seen in fiercely competitive market. E.g. telecom industry, beverage industry, etc.

 

·        Predatory/ Destroyer pricing

To drive out competition sometimes businesses lower their price to such extent that the rival is driven out of the market for facing devastating loss.

Price elasticity of demand

Elastic                                                                                                                     

·         Greater change                                                

·        



Non-essential items                                                

·         Too many substitutes

·         Luxury items                                                                         

·         Others

Inelastic                                            

·         Smaller change

·         Essential items

·         No substitute                                                    

·         Habits

·         Others                                                                        

4.1 The market

Market

Market is a mechanism where buyers and sellers interact to exchange the ownership of commodities. Market may either be:

·         a marketplace where people physically come together to exchange goods and services, eg, shopping malls, super markets, boutique store, stock market, etc.

·         a virtual market wherein buyers and sellers buy and sell commodities in an online market through the aid of internet.

Marketing

Marketing is a concept of satisfying needs and wants of customers.

Evolution of marketing / Product vs Market orientation

·       The production orientation era

Demand > Supply

For much of the industrial revolution goods were generally scare and the focus of marketing was on production. Producing at lowest possible cost, reducing distribution cost and opening new markets were considered to be marketing management.

·       The sales orientation era

Supply > Demand

From the start of the 20^th century following the Second World War competition grew and the focus of marketing turned to selling. Communications, advertising and branding were of vital importance to sell the increasing outputs in increasingly crowded market.

·       The market orientation era

From the 1960s onwards the markets have mostly become saturated, where there is intense competition for customers as the size of the market remains stagnant. In modern days marketers research markets by carry on surveys, etc to find out the needs and wants of customers. They are also immensely interested in brandings and ensuring employees understand marketing. Unlike the prior concepts, here the ultimate aim of marketing is to satisfy the customers by giving emphasis on the marketing mix.

Marketing objectives

Marketing objectives are goals set by a company to promote its products or services to the potential customers to achieve within a particular time period. Marketing objectives include:

·         Increasing product awareness

·         Providing information about product features

·         Increasing market share

·         Rebranding a product

Marketing strategies / plan

Marketing strategy is a set of plans which helps to achieve the marketing goals. The marketing strategies include:

·         Raising the price

·         Improving packaging

·         Offering special offers available

·         Distributing through exclusive outlets

Market share

The percentage of an industry or market’s total sales captured by a particular company or brand. It shows the size of a company to its market and competitors.

The formula:

Market share = (Total product or business sales / Total sales in the whole market) x 100

Marketing mix / 4Ps

·         Product

·         Price

·         Promotion

·         Place

3.4 Financial statements

Financial statements

1.      Income Statement

2.      Balance Sheet

1.    Income Statement

A financial statement measuring financial position of a company over one accounting year.

Formula

Revenue – Expenditure = Profit

·        Trading A/C

v  First section of the income statement

v  It is used to calculate gross profit

·        Profit and Loss A/C

v  Second section of income statement

v  It is used to calculate net profit

·        Profit and Loss Appropriation A/C

v  Third section of income statement

v  It shows profit allocation in limited companies

Format of Income Statement

Format of Profit and Loss Appropriation A/C

2.    Balance Sheet

A financial statement that summarizes a company’s assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity over one accounting year.

Formula of accounting equation

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

·        Assets

Resources owned by the business.

v  Fixed asset

v  Current asset

·         Liabilities

Debts of the business.

v  Current liability

v  Long-term loan

·       Equity

Money put into the business as capital by the owner.

Format of Balance Sheet

Purpose of accounts to the stakeholders:

1.     Shareholders

External stakeholders who are interested to know company’s profit for the dividends they would going to retain.

2.     Managers

Internal stakeholders who are interested to see whether the company is operating efficiently or not within one year.

3.     Employees

Internal stakeholders who are interested to know whether the company is doing well to pay them more and their jobs are secure.

4.     Investors

External stakeholders who find potentiality in buying shares of the company.

5.     Creditors

External stakeholders who are interested to know the financial position of the company so they feel secure enough to get back their debts.

6.     Customers

External stakeholders who are interested to see whether the company will survive in future so that they can get the availability of after sales service, etc.

7.     Government

External stakeholders who are interested to scrutinize the factual records relating profit earned by the company so that tax can be calculated.

N.B.“every stakeholders have interest on financial statements of businesses”

3.3 Cost and break-even analys

Costs of production

To generate revenue cost incurs in production process.

·        Fixed cost

Costs remaining fixed or constant irrespective to the level of output produced. Also known as indirect cost. E.g. salaries, rent, rate, loan repayment, etc.

·        Variable cost

Costs varying respective to the level of output produced. Also known as direct cost. E.g. raw materials, power, wages, utilities, etc.

·        Total cost

Sum of fixed costs and variable costs.

Formula:

Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost

·        Average cost

Production cost per unit of output. Also known as unit cost.

Formula:

Average cost = Total cost / Total output

Break-even analysis

An analysis to determine the point at which total revenue equalizes total costs. Break-even analysis is done so that information regarding costs along with sales revenue can be projected in order to find out whether the product is going to make profit or not. Most importantly, it helps to know how many units the company needs to sell to break even.

·         Total revenue > Total cost (Product is making a profit)

·         Total revenue < Total cost (Product is making a loss)

·         Total revenue = Total cost (Product is at break-even point)

Break-even point (BEP)

The point at which forecasted revenue is exactly the same as estimated costs, therefore at break-even point it neither incurs profit nor loss.

Formula:

Break-even point = Fixed cost / Contribution per unit

Contribution

Contribution is the amount generated from selling a commodity by subtracting all the variable costs from revenue.

Formula:

Contribution per unit = Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit

Margin of safety (MOS)

Margin of safety is the benchmark within which sales above break-even causes profit and beyond causes decreasing profit or ultimately loss.

 Formula:

  Margin of safety = Current output – Break-even output

Given,

Selling price = £ 25

Variable cost = £ 5

Fixed cost = £ 20,000

Current output = 2,000 units

·         Contribution per unit = Selling price per unit – Variable cost per unit

                                          = £ 25 – £ 5

                                        = £ 20

·         Break-even point = Fixed cost / Contribution per unit

                                  = £ 20,000 / £ 20

                                  = 1,000 units

·         Margin of safety = Current out – Break-even output

                                    = 2,000 units– 1,000 units

                                  = 1,000 units

·         At BEP,

                    i.            Total revenue = £ 25,000

                  ii.            Total cost       = £ 25,000

Advantages of a break-even chart

1.      Helps to know how much output business has to produce in order to break even

2.      Estimates the cost, revenue and profit at different  levels of output

3.      Helps to know the margin of safety

Disadvantages of a break-even chart

1.      The TC and TR are shown as straight lines. In practice they may not be straight lines and fluctuates due to various reasons.

2.      It is assumed that all the outputs are sold and there is no unsold goods. Many businesses hold stock of finished goods to meet future demand at higher selling price.

3.      Inaccurate data collection and analysis may lead to error.

N.B“project break-even point first,

then go for production”